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With the energy element of vessel operating costs outstripping both the escalation rates and absolute values of nearly all other primary ship-connected expenses, little more needs to be said to underscore the importance of a comprehensive review of the maritime energy research problem. The urgency of energy conservation research has been diminished somewhat by current fluctuations in crude oil prices and availability, but long term trends continue to support the need, SNAME's T&R program has addressed a number of ways in which energy expenditure might be reduced. These include basic hull and propeller design, machinery component and cycle design, hull coatings, ship operations, the use of primary fuels, and alternative fuels and non-current sources of energy.